Multiple Versions

At the turn of the 16th Century, it was common practice for Leonardo, as well as other great...

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Summary of Historical Evidence

This section presents a number of highly relevant historical accounts and documents: the Heidelberg Document (1503); Raphael’s pen...

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Salai And The Two Paintings

It is important to understand just how widespread the registration or recording of financial transactions was in Italy...

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The ‘Heidelberg Document’

In 2005, reports emerged concerning a great discovery made at Heidelberg University. There, the German scholar Armin Schlechter,...

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The Raphael Sketch

“A mortal god.” This is how Vasari describes Raphael in the Vite. Even as a youth, Raphael (born...

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Giorgio Vasari

In 1550, Giorgio Vasari, the famous architect, painter, historian and writer, published the first edition of his monumental...

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Gian Paolo Lomazzo

“Whenever he began to paint, it seemed that Leonardo trembled, and he never finished any of the works...

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Why Lisa?

One of the great mysteries surrounding ‘Mona Lisa’ is: why was she painted at all? There are really...

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